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An proxy also referred to proxy server software that acts as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, users would send a request to the item to an online server, and the server would deliver the resource directly back to the client. While this is a simple method to understand and implement, the addition of proxies can provide advantages in terms of increased performance and privacy, security and many more. Apart from offering a security layer, proxies act as a security safeguard for the internet between servers and clients.




The consensus is that the collection of server hardware along with installed proxy software is often known as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies which are usually classified as software, and in the web server context. We will present a summary of the two principal kinds of proxies, which include a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage and can be confusing because of a similar name convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of what proxies are and what their subtypes are and how they function in common configurations. By reading in this post, you'll be able to determine the situations in which it is beneficial to utilize a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words a forward proxy, also known as or an open proxy is a proxy of a user who would like to make an internet-based request to an origin server. In this case, every request made by the client is instead directed straight via the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in place of the client will look into the request. First, it will determine if the client is authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides if it wants to deny a request and send it back to the original server. The client is unable to directly access the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy grants its access.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxy servers is to improve privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy allows you to connect to the internet in instead of a client and, in this way, it may employ a different IP address than the original IP address utilized by the client.




Based on the way it was previously configured forward proxy servers are able to provide a range of options and allow you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographical location.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that offer central security and authorization based access, like in a workplace. When all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy, administrators are able to restrict access to certain clients to the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls to protect the client layer, which could comprise a variety of machines that have different environments and users, the firewall could be put into the forward proxy layer.




It is important to note that settings for forward proxy have to be manually configured for use in order to be used and reverse proxies are able to be not recognized by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a client is sent to the origin server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are many possibilities to consider for forward proxies




Apache: A popular open-source web server that has forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source webserver, this one with forward proxy features.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that makes use of the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete Web server service. Follow our step-by-step instructions to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy that runs on the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP this makes it more suited to situations such as peer-to-topeer traffic. You can also examine the procedure for installing a Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a proxy for web servers that handle the incoming requests of clients. The web server could comprise one server or several servers. Additionally, it can serve as an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request for an application comes by a user on the internet generally. In the majority of cases, the request will be directly sent to the web server with the information that the client is asking for. Instead, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary, protecting Web server from any direct interaction with the internet's public.




From a consumer's point of view that is from a user's perspective, working using a reverse proxy is identical to working with direct connections to an internet server. It's exactly the same however the user is unable to discern the differences. The client requests the resource, and is then provided with it, without any additional configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can set up.


The caching function is now available to users.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this benefit only to the server layer, and only the layer that clients use. Instead of having firewalls running at servers on the internet, which could contain multiple servers and various configurations, most of the firewall security is targeted at reverse proxy layers. Also, the removal of the responsibility to interact with a firewall as well as dealing with requests from clients without the need for web servers enables them to concentrate on providing the requirements of their customers.




When there is a multitude of servers hosted by a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy will also be responsible for directing what requests go to which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide identical content or offering different kinds of content or a mixture of both. These servers may be running the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server, however they could also include other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy servers to redirect the clients towards specific servers based upon the requested resource or comply with specific rules pertaining to traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also make use of their location prior to web servers by providing caching capabilities. Massive static resources can be configured with caching rules to avoid hitting web servers with every request. There are solutions that permit you to serve static assets directly without connecting to the web server even once. Additionally, the reverse proxy can control compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy solution. While Apache has a reverse proxy service, the Apache web server is also able to function with reverse proxy feature that is an added attribute of Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed to focus on its reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" have a connotation of directionality, as well as false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing because both types of proxy handle responses and requests. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the application you're building.




Reverse proxy is beneficial when creating an application that runs web-based services over the internet. They are your web servers whenever you connect to the web.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is displayed in front of customers for personal use or within an office environment. They are your client's representative whenever you use the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the standard naming conventions could help in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy using two kinds: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the most beneficial features were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the process of implementing proxies you can check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy using Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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